IMPORTANCE OF EXPOSURE MODEL IN ESTIMATING IMPACTS WHEN A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS CONTAMINATED
Citation:
Davis, M. J. AND R. J. JANKE. IMPORTANCE OF EXPOSURE MODEL IN ESTIMATING IMPACTS WHEN A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS CONTAMINATED . JOURNAL OF WATER RESOURCES PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), Reston, VA, 134(5):449-456, (2008).
Impact/Purpose:
The quantity of a contaminant ingested by individuals using tap water drawn from a water distribution system during a contamination event depends on the concentration of the contaminant in the water and the volume of water ingested. If the concentration varies with time, the actual time of exposure affects the quantity ingested. The influence of the timing of exposure and of individual variability in the volume of water ingested on estimated impacts for a contamination event has received limited attention. We examine the significance of ingestion timing and variability in the volume of water ingested by using a number of models for ingestion timing and volume. Contaminant concentrations were obtained from simulations of an actual distribution system for cases involving contaminant injections lasting from 1 to 24 hours. We find that assumptions about exposure can significantly influence estimated impacts, especially when injection durations are short and impact thresholds are high. The influence of ingestion timing and volume should be considered when assessing impacts for contamination events.
Description:
Journal Article
URLs/Downloads:
IMPORTANCE OF EXPOSURE MODEL IN ESTIMATING IMPACTS WHEN A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IS CONTAMINATED